下川研究室

下川研究室

Discovering the World
through Food economics

Food is connected to many critical issues from the individual to the global scale, including hunger, obesity, and global warming. My research aims to better understand the connections involved and to develop solutions for such issues from the perspective of economics.

Insights from Food Economics

  • 01

    How wheat prices in Japan can
    be connected to riots in Africa?

    Global food markets linking across the world

    Japan relies on imports for more than 85% of its wheat, and many poor African countries also rely heavily on wheat imports. Therefore, wheat prices in Japan and these poor countries are linked through the international market. And, a rise in an international wheat price, which might be considered small in Japan, can have a substantial impact on people's lives and may lead to riots in the poor countries. The rise is caused not only by poor harvests resulting from extreme weather but also by the growing worldwide demand for biofuels. In other words, it is not just an issue of agricultural production, but also a socio-economic issue.

  • 02

    The more pork consumed in China,
    the more rainforest was destroyed in Brazil?

    The interaction between diet, policy, and the environment

    Since 2000, to meet the growing demand for pork by increasing domestic pork production, China has rapidly increased imports of soybeans for feeding pigs. The soybeans used to be imported from the U.S. (40%) and Brazil (40%). However, due to deteriorating relations between the U.S. and China, China decreased imports from the U.S. and increased imports from Brazil, resulting in Brazil's share exceeding 80% in 2018. This led to a rapid growth in Brazil’s soybean production for export to China, causing the expansion of agricultural land and the destruction of tropical rainforests in Brazil.

  • 03

    Which contributes more to reducing GHG:
    air conditioning or dietary choices?

    The undervalued social impact of dietary choices

    The amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from the entire food system accounts for approximately 34% of global emissions. In particular, beef has a GHG emission about six times that of chicken and about 40 times that of legumes per 100g of protein. Therefore, replacing beef with chicken for one meal per month for a family of three can lead to a greater annual reduction in CO2 emissions than changing the temperature setting of a home air conditioner by one degree in Celsius. Additionally, this dietary change helps mitigate problems of agricultural land for feed, water use, and livestock excrement. People tend to underestimate the cumulative impact of everyday diets on society.

  • 04

    Japan needs renewable energy for food security?

    Food issues are not just about food in Japan

    When talking about food issues, people tend to focus on food itself, such as food self-sufficiency rates. However, in Japan, there are significant challenges related to the labor and production materials necessary for food production. The number of farmers has been decreasing rapidly, projected to decline to approximately one-fifth of its 2022 level by 2050. To make up for this decline, it is inevitable to scale up and mechanize agriculture, which will demand more energy. Nonetheless, Japan's energy self-sufficiency rate was only about 12% in 2022, and the expansion of renewable energy is essential for improving this rate. Even more concerning, the self-sufficiency rate of seeds and fertilizer materials, crucial for food production, is less than 10%.